了解更多关于脑肿瘤|健康

Every year more than 17,000 people in the US find out they have a brain tumor.每年超过17,000人在美国发现他们有一个脑瘤。 People with a brain tumor may face the following symptoms.与脑瘤的人可能会面临以下症状。

General symptoms include: 一般症状包括：

Headaches, which may be severe and may worsen with activity or in the early morning.头痛，可能会很严重，并可能进一步恶化活动或在清晨。
Seizures癫痫发作
Personality or memory change. 人格或内存的变化。
Nausea or vomiting恶心或呕吐
Vision changes, such as blurred vision视力变化，如视力模糊

Symptoms that may be specific to the location of the tumor include: 症状， 可能是特定的肿瘤部位包括：

Pressure or headache near the tumor压力或头痛附近的肿瘤
Loss of balance and difficulty with fine motor skills (cerebellum)平衡和精细动作技能的困难亏损（小脑）
Changes in judgment, including loss of initiative, sluggishness, and muscle weakness or paralysis (frontal lobe of the cerebrum)判断的变化，包括主动，呆滞损失，肌肉无力或麻痹（额叶的大脑）
Partial or complete loss of vision (occipital lobe or temporal lobe of the cerebrum)部分或完全丧失视力（枕叶或大脑颞叶）
Changes in speech, hearing, memory, or emotional state, such as aggressiveness and problems understanding or retrieving words (frontal and temporal lobe of cerebrum)在讲话中，听觉记忆，或情绪状态，如攻击性和问题的认识或检索词，变化（额叶，颞叶的大脑）
Altered perception of touch or pressure, arm or leg weakness on one side of the body, or confusion with left and right sides of the body (frontal or parietal lobe of the cerebrum)触摸或压力，手臂或腿部上的身体，或与身体的左，右两边侧的弱点蚀变混乱的看法（额叶或顶叶的大脑）
Inability to look upward (pineal tumor)不能看向上（松果体瘤）
Lactation and altered menstrual periods in women, and growth in hands and feet in adults (pituitary tumor)哺乳期妇女和月经期改变，在手和成人英尺（垂体肿瘤生长）
Difficulty swallowing, facial weakness or numbness, or double vision (brain stem)吞咽困难，面部无力或麻木，或复视（脑干）

Tumor location. A tumor can form in any part of the brain. 肿瘤的位置。肿瘤可形成大脑的任何一部分。 Some tumor locations cause greater damage than others, and some tumors are harder to treat due to their location than others.一些肿瘤的位置比其他人造成更大的损害，一些肿瘤治疗更难，因为它们比其他人的位置。

steps in the Brain Tumor . 步骤脑肿瘤。

Normal, no complaints, no evidence of disease正常，没有抱怨，没有疾病的证据
Able to carry on normal activity; minor symptoms of disease能够进行正常活动;疾病的轻微症状
Normal activity with effort; some symptoms of disease正常活动与努力;疾病的症状
Cares for self; unable to carry on normal activity or active work自我关怀，无法进行正常的活动或积极的工作
Requires occasional assistance but is able to care for needs偶尔需要援助，但能够照顾需求
Requires considerable assistance and frequent medical care需要大量援助和频繁的医疗保健
Disabled: requires special care and assistance残疾人：需要特殊的照顾和协助
Severely disabled; hospitalization is indicated, but death not imminent严重残疾，住院表示，但不会马上死亡
Very sick, hospitalization necessary; active treatment necessary病得很厉害，无须住院，需要积极治疗
Moribund, fatal processes progressing rapidly垂死的，致命的进程进展迅速
Dead死的

Treatment: 治疗：

The treatment of an adult brain tumor depends on many factors, including the size, location, type, and grade of the tumor, whether it is cancerous, whether it has spread to other parts of the CNS or body, and the person's age and overall health .成年人的脑肿瘤治疗取决于许多因素，包括大小，位置，类型和肿瘤的分级，无论是癌症，是否已扩散到中枢神经系统或身体的其他部位，以及人的年龄和总健康。 People diagnosed with a CNS tumor generally need to seek treatment as soon as possible, because some tumors can grow quickly and cause severe symptoms.In many cases, a team of doctors will work with the patient to determine the best treatment plan.人诊断为中枢神经系统肿瘤，一般需要寻求尽快治疗，因为有些肿瘤快高长大，导致严重的symptoms.In许多情况下，一个医生小组将与病人，以确定最佳的治疗方案。 Successfully treating brain and spinal cord tumors can be challenging.成功治疗脑和脊髓肿瘤是具有挑战性的。 The blood-brain barrier, which normally serves to protect the brain and spinal cord from harmful chemicals entering those structures through the bloodstream, also keeps out many types of potentially beneficial drugs.在血脑屏障，一般服务，以保护大脑，并通过血液进入这些结构的有害化学物质，脊髓，也不断出潜在好处，许多种毒品。 Surgery can be difficult if the tumor is near a delicate portion of the brain or spinal cord.手术可能会很困难，如果肿瘤附近的脑或脊髓微妙的部分。 Radiation therapy can damage healthy tissue.放射治疗会损害健康组织。

Surgery Surgery is the first treatment most commonly used for a brain tumor and is often the only treatment needed for a benign brain tumor.Surgery to the brain requires the removal of part of the skull, a procedure called a craniotomy. 外科手术是第一个最常用的治疗脑部肿瘤的使用，往往是唯一的治疗方法的良性脑瘤tumor.Surgery到大脑需要的需要的部分头骨搬迁过程称为开颅手术。 After the surgeon removes the tumor, the patient's own bone will be used to cover the opening in the skull.There have been rapid advances in surgery for brain tumors, including the use of cortical mapping and enhanced imaging devices to give surgeons more tools to plan and perform the surgery.手术后，消除了肿瘤，病人自己的骨髓将用于支付在skull.There开放已迅速发展为脑肿瘤手术，其中包括皮层映射和增强成像设备的使用，使外科医生更多的工具来计划并进行手术。 For a tumor that is near the speech center, it is increasingly common to perform the operation when the patient is awake for part of the surgery; typically, the patient is awakened once the surface of the brain is exposed, and special electrical stimulation techniques are used to locate the speech center and thereby avoid causing damage while removing the tumor.In addition to removing or reducing the size of the brain tumor, surgery can provide a tissue sample for biopsy analysis.对于一个肿瘤，中心附近的讲话，它越来越普遍执行该操作时，病人是清醒的，手术的一部分，通常，病人一旦被唤醒的大脑表面暴露，特别是电刺激技术用于定位的语言中心，从而避免造成损失，同时消除tumor.In除了取消或降低了脑肿瘤大小，手术可以为活检组织样本的分析。 For some tumor types, the results of the analysis can help in showing if chemotherapy or radiation therapy will be useful.对于某些肿瘤类型，分析结果可以帮助显示是否化疗或放射治疗将是有益的。 In a cancerous tumor, even if the cancer cannot be cured, its removal can relieve symptoms if it is creating pressure on parts of the brain.在癌肿瘤，癌症，即使不能治愈，它的搬迁可以缓解症状，如果它是建立在大脑的部分压力。
Radiation therapy Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy x-rays or other particles to kill cancer cells. 放射治疗放射治疗是高能量的X射线或其他粒子来杀死癌细胞。 Doctors may use radiation therapy along with surgery to slow or stop the growth of tumors.医生可以同时使用外科手术放射疗法，减缓或阻止肿瘤的生长。 Radiation can be directed in the following ways:辐射，可在以下方面：

Conventional radiation therapy.常规放射治疗。 The treatment location is determined based on anatomic landmarks and x-rays.这种治疗的选址确定的基础上解剖标志和X射线。 In certain situations, such as whole brain radiation therapy for brain metastases, this technique is appropriate.在某些情况下，如对全脑放射治疗脑转移瘤，这种技术是适当的。 For more precise targeting, different techniques are required.为了更精确的定位，不同的技术要求。
Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).调强放射治疗（IMRT）。 Radiation therapy is delivered with greater intensity or dose to thicker areas of the tumor and with less intensity to thinner areas of the tumor.放射治疗是提供更大的强度或剂量的肿瘤厚的地区和更低的力度，肿瘤薄的地区。 This is accomplished by placing tiny metal leaves in the beam to reduce the intensity of the beam in order to customize the shape of the dose to the shape of the tumor.这是把微小的金属完成叶，以减少梁的力度，以自定义剂量形状的肿瘤形状的光束。
Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy.三维适形放射治疗。 Based on CT and MRI images, a three-dimensional model of the tumor and normal tissues is created on a computer.根据CT和MRI图像，三维模型的肿瘤和正常组织的创建在计算机上。 Beam size and angles are determined that maximize tumor dose and minimize normal tissue dose.梁大小和角度的确定，最大限度地提高肿瘤剂量，减少正常组织的剂量。
Stereotactic radiosurgery.立体定向放射治疗。 Stereotactic radiosurgery involves delivering a single, high dose of radiation directly to the tumor and not healthy tissues.立体定向放射外科涉及提供一个单一的，高剂量的辐射，直接向肿瘤，而不是健康组织。

Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is delivered with stereotactic precision but divided into small daily fractions over several weeks using a relocatable head frame, in contrast to the one-day radiosurgery. 分次立体定向放射治疗。放射治疗是立体定向精度提供了分歧，但几个星期每天到小组分使用重新定位头架，相对于一天放射。 This technique is used for tumors located close to sensitive structures, such as the optic nerves or brain stem.这种技术用于肿瘤位置接近，敏感的结构，如视神经或脑干。
Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells.化疗是化疗药物杀死癌细胞的使用。 Systemic chemotherapy is delivered through the bloodstream, targeting cancer cells throughout the body.全身化疗是通过血液传递，目标在体内的癌细胞。 The goal of chemotherapy can be to destroy cancer cells remaining after surgery, slow the tumor's growth, or reduce symptoms.Chemotherapy can be delivered orally (by mouth), intravenously (IV, by vein), or directly into the tumor cavity.化疗的目标是能够破坏癌细胞手术后剩余的，减缓肿瘤的生长，或减少symptoms.Chemotherapy可以提供口头（经口），静脉注射（IV的静脉），或直接进入肿瘤腔。 IV chemotherapy is either injected directly into a vein or through a thin tube called a catheter, a tube temporarily put into a large vein to make injections easier.四化疗或者是静脉注入或通过细管直接称为导管，暂时把放在一个大静脉注射，使容易一管。 For a malignant brain tumor, it is expected that a combination of treatments will be required.对于恶性脑瘤，预计结合的治疗是必需的。 Typically, treatment begins with surgery, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy.通常情况下，开始手术治疗，其次是放疗和化疗。
Immunotherapy Immunotherapy (also called biologic therapy) is designed to boost the body's natural defenses to fight the cancer. 免疫疗法免疫治疗（也称为生物治疗）的目的是增强身体的天然防御抗击癌症。 It uses materials either made by the body or in a laboratory to bolster, target, or restore immune system function.Different methods are being applied, such as the use of dendritic cells or the use of vaccines aimed against a specific molecule that is expressed on the surface of the tumor cells.它使用或者作出的机构或在实验室以支持，目标，或恢复，如树突状细胞或对特定分子的目的是表达了利用疫苗免疫系统function.Different使用方法被应用，材料在肿瘤细胞表面。 Several studies are currently being tested throughout the country in clinical trials.多项研究，目前正在测试在整个临床试验的国家。
Advanced/recurrent brain tumors if, in spite of initial treatment, the brain tumor does not go into remission (the temporary or permanent disappearance of symptoms) or if it recurs, treatment can still manage the symptoms caused by the tumor. 高级/复发性脑肿瘤 ，如果在最初的治疗尽管如此，脑肿瘤没有进入缓解（在症状出现暂时或永久消失），或如果它复发，治疗仍然可以管理由肿瘤引起的症状。 Symptom management is always important since the symptoms of a brain tumor can interfere with quality of life.症状的管理层都重要，因为脑部肿瘤的症状可能会干扰的生活质量。

After Treatment 后处理
After treatment for a brain tumor ends, talk with your doctor about developing a follow-up care plan.经过脑部肿瘤两端，与你的开发后续保健计划的医生讨论治疗。 This plan may include regular physical examinations and/or medical tests to monitor your recovery for the coming months and years.该计划可能包括定期进行身体检查和/或医疗测试，以监控您的未来的几个月或几年的恢复。 Many brain tumors have a high tendency to recur, so people should be routinely monitored for new symptoms with regular MRI scans.许多脑肿瘤具有较高的复发倾向，因此人们应定期与经常性核磁共振扫描新的症状监测。 The frequency of the follow-up visits and the scans depends on the type of the tumor and other factors, therefore, your oncologist or neuro-oncologist will determine your schedule.People recovering from a brain tumor are encouraged to follow established guidelines for good health , such as maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, eating a balanced diet, and having recommended cancer screening tests.对随访和扫描频率取决于肿瘤及其他因素，因此，您的肿瘤或神经类型的肿瘤将决定您的schedule.People从脑部肿瘤康复鼓励遵循良好的卫生制定的准则如保持健康的体重，不吸烟，饮食均衡的饮食，并具有建议癌症检查测试。 Talk with your doctor to develop a plan that is best for your needs.与您的医生交谈制订一项计划，为您的需求是最好的。 Moderate physical activity can help rebuild your strength and energy level.中等体力活动可以帮助重建你的力量和能量水平。 Your doctor can help you create an appropriate exercise plan based upon your needs, physical abilities, and fitness level.医生可以帮助你创建一个适当的演习计划后，您的需求，体能基础，和健身水平。 Learn more about Healthy Living After Cancer.了解更多关于癌症后健康生活。